KASHMIR UNIVERSITY | UG 5th SEM ECONOMICS II STUDY MATERIAL
Unit 3rd
Government Employment Generation Schemes in india
Some of the flagship programmes of employment generation being implemented by the Central government are:
Swarnjayanthi Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY)
It was launched in April 1999 as a major programme for self-employment of the rural poor after restructuring the then existing Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and combining it with other allied schemes like TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA, GKY and Million Wells Scheme for effective implementation under a single banner called SGSY.
Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
The scheme was announced by the Prime Minister on 15 August, 2008 in his address from the Red Fort. This is credit linked scheme formed by merging erstwhile REGP and PMRY scheme. KVIC is the nodal agency at the national level. Its main aim is to generate continuous and sustainable employment opportunities in rural and urban areas of the country.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual work. This Act is an important step towards the realisation of the right to work. It is also expected to enhance people's livelihood on a sustained basis, by developing the economic and social infrastructure in rural areas.
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
This scheme came into effect on 1 December 1997 with an aim to provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed and under-employed poor by encouraging them to set up self employment ventures.
The government has launched this rationalised SJSRY to replace the three existing schemes -- Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP), and PM's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme (PMI UPEP).
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
The scheme comes under the authority of the ministry of rural development and was begun on 25 December 2000.
The goal was to provide roads to all villages
(1) with a population of 1,000 persons and above by 2003,
(2) with a population of 500 persons and above by 2007,
(3) in hill states, tribal and desert area villages with a population of 500 persons and above by 2003, and
(4) in hill states, tribal and desert area villages with a population of 250 persons and above by 2007.
Samagra Awas Yojana (SAY)
Launched in 1999-2000, this is a comprehensive housing scheme with a view to ensure the integrated provision of shelter, sanitation and drinking water. The basic objective of SAY is to improve the quality of life of the people as well as the overall habitat in rural areas.
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Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
PMGY was launched in 2000-01 in order to achieve the objective of sustainable human
development at the village level. The PMGY envisages allocation of additional central funds to the states for basic minimum services in order to focus on certain priority areas.
PMGY has five components, namely primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and nutrition.
Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
SGRY was launched in September 2001 by merging the erstwhile schemes of Jawahar Gram
Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) and Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS). The objective is to provide additional wage employment in the rural areas and food security, along with the creation of durable community, social and economic infrastructure in rural areas. The SGRY is open to all rural poor in need of wage employment and desire to do manual work.
Rural Housing Schemes
Rural housing schemes such as Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) aim at providing dwelling units, free
of cost to the poor families of the SCs, STs, freed bonded labourers and also the non- SC/ST
persons living below poverty Line (BPL) in the rural areas.
The scheme is funded on a cost-sharing basis of 75:25 between the Centre and states.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
AAY was launched in December 2000. Under the scheme, one crore of the poorest among the
BPL families covered under the targeted PDS are identified and 25 kg of food grains were made available to each eligible family at a highly subsidized rate of Rs 2 per kg for wheat and Rs 3 per kg for rice. This quantity has been enhanced from 25 to 35 kg with effect from April, 2002.
Annapurna
Launched with effect from 1st April, 2000, it aims at providing food security to meet the
requirement of those senior citizens who, though eligible, have remained uncovered under the national old age pension scheme (NOAPS).
The scheme is targeted to cover 20% of persons eligible to receive pension under NOAPS. Funds are released to the food and civil supplies department of the state governments in one instalment.
This department ties up with Food Corporation of India (FCI) to release food grains district-wise after payment at central issue price (CIP) at FCI offices.
Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)
VAMBAY was kicked off in December 2001 targeted to improve the living conditions of the
urban slum dwellers living below the poverty line without adequate shelter. The scheme has the objective of facilitating the construction and up-gradation of dwelling units for slum dwellers. Besides, it offers a healthy environment through community toilets under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, a component of the scheme. The Centre offers a subsidy of 50%, the balance 50% is arranged by the state government.
Unit 4th
India - Economic Growth and Development
Indian
Economic Growth
• India has sustained rapid growth of GDP for most of the last two decades leading to rising per
capita incomes and a reduction in absolute poverty.
Per capita incomes (measured in US $) have doubled in 12 years
• But India has one third of all the people in the world living below the official global poverty line.
It has more poor people than the whole of sub-Saharan Africa.
• Per capita income is $1,270, placing India just inside the Middle Income Country category .
• India's per capita income is 1/20th that of the UK .
• Life expectancy at birth is 65 years and 44% of children under 5 are malnourished. The literacy
rate for the population aged 15 years and above is only 63% compared to a 71% figure for lower middle income countries.
• Despite a strong attempt to become an open economy, exports of goods and services from India account for only 15% of GDP although this will rise further in the years ahead.....
