Social Science Notes

Class 12th General English Full Study Material

Lesson 1            
After Twenty Years
(O,Henry.)

Q1.How impressive was the policeman? How would you justify your answer?
Ans. The policeman was very impressive. His impressiveness was habitual and not for show because there were few spectators to watch his activities. He was twirling his club with many intricate and artful movements. He had a strong body and made a fine picture of a guardian of the piece.

Q2.Why did the man tell the police, it’s all right, officer?
Ans .The man told the policeman such words so that the policeman would not consider him a thief or a man with evil intentions.

Q3.Were the two friends in regular contact with each other during the twenty years? Why/why not?
Ans. No, the two friends were not in regular contact with each other during the twenty years. Though they corresponded with each other for one or two years but after that they lost each other’s track. It is so because Bob kept moving in the west to make his fortune and destiny.

Q4.How well did Jimmy’s friend prosper in life? How did you know?
Ans. Jimmy’s friend had made tremendous progress in his life though by adopting illegal ways. He had a handsome watch with diamond covering on it and a large scarf pin.

Q5.When a tall man in a long overcoat walked up to Bob, what made him think that it was Jimmy and not and not anyone else?
Ans. Bob thought so because he was expecting the arrival of his friend Jimmy Wells. Besides, the tall man went directly to him and addressed him as Bob.

Q6.Why was bob arrested?
Ans. Bob was arrested because the Chicago police wanted him for following illegal and unlawful means and practices to earn money while making his fortune in the west.

Q7.Why did Bob’s hands begin to trouble as he almost finished reading the note?
Ans. His hands began to tremble as he almost finished reading the note because he came to know that the policeman he had talked earlier was none but his old friend Jimmy Wells. He had recognized him as a culprit and sent the other policeman wearing plain clothes to arrest him.

Q8.Jimmy did not arrest his friend because (tick the correct answer)
He couldn’t recognize Bob in the dark.He wanted Bob to run.He couldn’t reach the place in time.
He could not bring himself to arrest his friend.
Ans. Jimmy did not arrest his friend because he could not bring himself to arrest him.

Q9.Why is the story titled’ After Twenty Years’?
Ans. When Bob and Jimmy were young, they had made an appointment that they would meet each other at particular place and time in New York exactly after twenty years. Bob went in the west to make his fortune where he adopted illegal ways to earn his living. Jimmy preferred to stay in New York where he joined the police department. For some time, the two friends corresponded with each other, but after that they lost the track of each other. Their friendship was too deep and true to be described. Hence, they did not forget the promise made twenty years ago. They reported at the scheduled place and time exactly after twenty years ago. They reported at the scheduled place and time exactly after twenty years. That is why, the story is titled ‘After Twenty Years.’

Q10.If you were in Jimmy’s shoes, what would have been the best thing to do from the following points of view?
a) Your career as a policeman 
b) Your friendship with Bob.
c) Your own conscience 
d) the law.
Ans.(c)My own conscience.
   
Extra Question 

“Compare and contrast the character of Jimmy Wells and Silky Bob”?
Ans .Characters play an important role or slightly an unimportant role on a story. It is their presence that makes the events of a story understandable to the readers. Here in the story, the characters of Jimmy Wells and silky Bob are of vital importance. They were two fast and true friends. They were raised in New York like two real brothers. But their approach to work out their destiny and make their fortune is altogether different.
    After promising that they would meet each other exactly after twenty years at scheduled time and date in New York. Jimmy did not leave New York to make his fortune. He stayed there and joined the police department where he performed his duty sincerely and dedicatedly. He was satisfied with his lot and did not seek for illegal ways to earn wealth .He led the life of a responsible citizen and dutiful policeman. He kept his promise and met his friend at the appointed place on time. He did not disclose his identity before his friend, for the latter had adopted unlawful ways while making his fortune in the west. He did not arrest his friend but sent the other policeman wearing plain clothes to arrest him. He really had a great respect and regard for his friend.
    Bob, on the other hand, was greedy and ambitious. He wanted to earn more and more wealth through the available means. For the same, he left New York and knocked the door of the West to make his fortune. There, he adopted illegal unfair and unlawful ways for piling wealth. He hardly bothered about the duties of a responsible citizen. He became a criminal in the eyes of law. He, however, was a true and sincere friend. He did not forget the promise of meeting his friend in New York made twenty years ago. He travelled thousand miles to meet his friend at the scheduled place. He was arrested by the Chicago police on account of his illegal ways in his pursuit for money.

                          Reference to the Context:
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. You are not Jimmy Wells,’ he snapped’ Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change a man’s nose from a Roman to a Pug.’
(a)Who is the he in these lines?
Ans-He is Bob in these lines.
(b)-What was his reaction when he realised that the man was not Jimmy, why?
Ans .His reaction was very stern and repulsive .It was so because the tall man had put him in deception.
(c)How did he recognize the man?
Ans. When the tall man and Bob reached in to the glare of electric lights of a drug store located at the corner of the street, each of them turned simultaneously to gaze upon the other’s face. Bob noticed that the tall man had a pug nose while his friend Jimmy Wells had a Roman nose. In this way he recognized the man.
d) Why was the man there? Who had sent him?
Ans .The man was there to arrest the Bob. Jimmy Wells had sent him.

                        Explanation with Reference to the context:
1. “When about a midway of a certain block the policeman suddenly slowed his walk. In the doorway of a darkened hardware store a man leaned ,with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly”.
Context: These lines have been taken from the lesson “After Twenty years” written by O’ Henry. Here ,the writer tells us about two true friends namely Bob and Jimmy living in New York who meet each other after a gap of twenty years.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the policeman is shouldering his duty in one of the streets of New York. He suddenly slowed his walk when he reached near a certain block. He saw that a man with an unlighted Cigar in his mouth was standing in the doorway of a darkened hardware store. The policeman went directly to the man who spoke up quickly.

2. “There was now a fine, cold drizzle falling ………………………………… smoked his cigar and waited.”
Context:-  Same as above.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, we come across the weather conditions and the movement of the few foot passengers in the area where the waiting man (Bob) was eagerly waiting or the arrival of his friend .The waiting man (Bob) had covered a long distance to keep a word made twenty years ago.
He suspected that his friend (Jimmy) would fail to keep his promise.

3.“The man from the west unfolded the little piece of paper handed to him………………..by the time he had finished.”
Context:-Same as above.
Explanation:- In the lines here under discussion ,we notice the reaction of Bob while going through the letter sent to him by his friend Jimmy in the hands of  another policeman wearing plain clothes .He took the letter usually when began to read it but a sudden feeling of repentance and fearfulness pervaded over his being after reading it completely.
  

                    
Lesson (2)   
Forgetting(Robert Lynd)

Q1.Why is the writer astonished by the list of articles lost by railway travelers?

Ans. The writer is astonished at the forget fullness of the travelers and efficiency of human memory. He finds it hard whether the absent-mindedness is common or not.

Q.2.What did the list speak the travelers? Why do you think the London railway station published the list?
Ans. The list of the forgotten things speaks about forgetfulness and absent- mindedness of the travelers. The London Railway station published the list so that the rightful owners could come and claim their goods. And if they failed to come, they could not claim for their lost goods later on.

Q3.List the objects that most men remember later on?
Ans. Most modern men remember telephone numbers, the addresses of their friends, the dates of good vintage, appointments for lunch and dinner, the name of actors and actresses, cricketers, footballers and murderers. They remember          almost everything that they are expected to remember. 

Q4.Why does the writer feel that it should be easy for most people to remember to take their medicine?
Ans. As a rule, the prescribed medicine is supposed to be taken before, during or after meals and as such, the meal itself should be a reminder for taking medicine. For the same, the writer feels that it should be easy for most people to take their medicine.

Q5.Does the writer agrees with the theory that many people fail to remember to take their medicine at the appointed hours because of their antipathy to pills and position? Give reasons for your answer?
Ans. The writer did not agree with the theory that many people fail to remember to take their medicine at the appointed hours because of their antipathy to pills and positions .To support his argument ,he cites his own example saying that even a life long devotee of medicine like his own self forgets to take medicine on time.

Q6.What kind of people tend to forget things more on trains? How does the writer explain this behavior on their part?
Ans. The young people especially sports men tend to forget things more on trains. The writer is of the view that the boys returning from games are so full of imagination that their heads are either among the stars or their hearts are in their boats while recalling their feats or errors. They are inattentive from their outside world.

Q7.Why does the writer consider the absent mindedness in people such as anglers and poets a virtue?
Ans. The writer considers the absent mindedness in the people such as anglers and poets as a virtue because their minds are filled with things/matters more loafty and glorious.

Q8. How are writers and composers different from statesmen?
Ans. On the whole, the great writers and the great composers of music have been men with exceptional powers of memory. On the other hand, Statesmen have extra ordinarily bad memories.

Q9.At times writers make a humorous statement to ridicule or censure. Such a statement is called sarcasm. Give an example of sarcasm from the above essay.
Ans. The absentminded man is often a man who is making the best of life and therefore has no time to remember the mediocre is one of the examples of sarcasm.

Q10.’Most of us, I fear are born with prosaically efficient memories. ‘Is the writer appreciative of the kind of memory most ordinary men have?
Ans. Yes, the writer is appreciative of the memory most ordinary men have because if it were not so, the institution of the family could not survive in any great modern city.

Reference to the context:

Read the following extract from the essay and answer the questions that follow:
1-“Yet, even if I have the stuff in my pockets, I forget about it as soon as the hour approaches at which I ought to swallow it”.
(a) What is “the stuff “being referred to?
Ans. The stuff is being referred to care-all medicine.
(b)What are the writer’s feelings towards the stuff in his pocket?(Tick the correct option.)
antipathy
delight
devotion
Ans. Delights.
(c)What are the two terms the writer uses to describe men who do not forget to swallow the stuff? 
Ans. Methodical man and moral giants.

2) “They are abstracted from the world outside them. Memories prevent them from remembering to do such small prosaic things as take a ball or the bat with them when they leave the train”.
a)Who are ‘they’ the writer is speaking of ?
Ans. The writer is speaking of the sportsmen.
b)Why are they abstracted from the outside world?
Ans. They are abstracted from the outside world because their minds are lost in a dreamy world.
c)What is the author’s attitude towards them ?(tick the correct answer.)
reproachful
indulgent
annoyed
Ans :-The authors attitude towards them is indulgent.

Explanation with reference to the context:-
1 “The commonest form of forgetfulness -----------I put him on his oath before handing the letter to him.”
Context:- These lines have been taken from the lesson “ Forgetting” written by Robert Lynd. Here, the writer dwells upon an interesting subject of forgetfulness or absent-mindedness of people. He opines that degree of forgetfulness varies from people to people depending upon their age, profession and nature of jobs.
Explanation:- In the lines here under discussion, the  writer observes that the commonest form of forgetfulness is more found in the matter of posting letters. It is so prevalent that he does not trust a visitor to post an important letter. He reposes so little trust on the visitor’s memory that he takes an oath from him before handing the letter to him.
2. “As for leaving articles in trains and in taxis, --------------on its way into the world of lost”.
Context:- Same as above.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the writer highlights that he does not often forget articles in taxis and in trains .He can remember almost anything except books and walking sticks. He can often remember even books but finds it very hard to keep walking sticks for a long time .He is accustomed to buy them again and again. While paying visit to his friend’s house or going on a journey in a train, he loses a walking stick.

3. “Few of us, however, have lost ----------as they recall their exploits or their errors.”

Context: Same as above.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the writer tells us that the ordinary man does not forget his belongings during travelling. The ordinary man arrives his destination with all bags and trunks safe. The sportsmen have worse memories than their serious minded fellows. It is so as they are absorbed in their imaginative world recalling their triumphs or failures while returning from the playing field.  
    

Lesson 3      
Once Upon a time        (GabriEl Okara)

Reference to the text:-

Stanza-1 “……..but now they only laugh with their teeth……………my shadow”.

a)Why have the eyes of the modern man been compared to a block of ice ?
Ans. The eyes of the modern man have been compared to a block of ice because they are without love, warmth and affection.
b) How does one laugh with the teeth?
Ans. One laughs with one’s teeth when one’s laughter is fake, fabricated, and deceptive.
c)What is the poetic device used for?
Ans. Transferred epithet is used here
d) People now search for something in the poet’s shadow? This shows that they are(Tick the correct answer)
disinterested in the poet even though he is apparently smiling at him.
interested in the poet’s background.
greeting the poet without any interest to do so. 
Ans. This shows that they are greeting the poet without any interest to do so.

Stanza- 2. “And I have learned, too………………………………after being bored.”
a)What has the narrator learnt to do?
Ans. The narrator has learnt to laugh with only his teeth and shake hands without his heart.
b)What does the poet mean when he says ‘Glad to meet you,?
Ans. When the poet says ‘Glade to meet you’ he actually means opposite of it.
c)What does the poet mean when he says, ‘it’s been nice talking to you”?
Ans .By this, the poet means that he felt bored while talking with his fellows.
d) Is the poet happy with the change in him?
Ans. No, the poet is not happy with the change in him.


Stanza-3. “Show me, son…………..when I like you”.

a) What does the father want the son to teach him?
Ans. The  father wants the son to teach him how to laugh with his heart and eyes.
b)Why does he want his son to teach him?
Ans. He wants his son to teach him these good values because he wants to be what he used to be when he was like his son.
c) What kind of person was the poet when he was young?
innocent and affected
sophisticated and natural
innocent and natural
Ans. The poet was innocent and natural when he was young.
Q4.How does the poet feel at the change in him and in the society? 
Ans. The poet feels critically, regretfully ,analytically and penetratingly at the change in him and in the society.

Explanation with reference to the context:-

1.“Once upon a time ,son ---------------------------------------search behind my shadows”.

Context:-These lines have been taken from the poem, “Once Upon a Time” written by Gabriel Okara. Here, the poet makes a vivid comparison between the values of the past and the present .The poet is regretful over the vanishing values like love, affection, sincerity, honesty etc. from the society.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the poet addresses his son saying regretfully that in the past the people used to laugh with sincerity and warmth. Their behaviour used to be candid. But now the people do not have candidness in their laughter and behaviour. They have now become indifferent and cold in their approach.

2.“Feel at home,’ come again’----------------------- For then I find the door shut on me.”

Context:-  Same as above.

Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the poet presents an interesting account of the treatment being given to the guest by the host. Apparently, the host seems to be very sincere and cordial in his treatment for the guest .But! The inner feelings of the host for the guest are repulsive and unwelcoming.


3.“So, I have learnt many things ,son,----------------------------------  Like a fixed portrait smile.”

Context:- Same as above.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the poet discloses before his son that he has been able to make adjustments in the environment surrounding him. He has learnt to change the expression of his face in accordance with the demanding situation. He does not allow his inner feelings to get surfaced upon his face.

  




Lesson 4                 Leh       (Andrew Harvey)
Q1.What is the most fascinating thing in Leh?(Para 2)
Ans. The most fascinating thing in Leh is its relaxing atmosphere and its palace which bears different looks when viewed from different angles .There is nothing to do but to observe the beauty and the charm existing there.

Q2.In what state is the palace of Leh now?
Ans. The palace of Leh is now in deteriorating condition. It is empty, desolate and crumbling.

Q.3.’From a distance it looks like a tent.’
What does ‘it’ refer  to?
Why does it look a tent?
Ans.(i)It refers to the suspension bridge.
(ii) It looks like a circus tent because it is so covered with prayer flags of every 
colour.

Q4.Where does the queen and her family live now?
Ans.The queen and her family now live in the smaller palace at Stock at a distance of ten miles from the palace of Leh.

Q5.Why has the bridge been covered with prayer flags? How does the writer reacr to this sight?

Ans. The bridge has been covered with prayer flags so that the river would not get angry. The bridge is located nearly at the middle of the valley where the wind is very strong. The people of Leh believe that the prayers can be carried down the wind on the back of the country all over the country. The writer is so fascinated by the sight that his heart wanted to sing.

Q.6 Where does the writer decide not to enter the Rani,s palace?
Ans. The writer decided not to enter the Rain’s Palace at Stock because when he reached there he had a full day at his disposal.

Q7.The writer talks about something that moves him the ‘most,. What is it? Why is he moved by it?
Ans .Though the writer saw the rocks and their dazzling forms but he was not moved by them. It is the signs of human companionship that moved him the most. He was moved because he found marks of human love and prayer even in those barren and desolate places.

Q8.During his trek in the higher regions of the mountain the writer comes across a number of objects and signs that express the religious spirit of the people of Leh. What are these?
Ans. During his trek in the higher regions of the mountains, the writer saw mantra stone, Latos ,shrines, ragged but enduring prayer flags on the rocks and a deserted shepherd’s hut with letters ‘OM’ written again and again on one of its walls.

    Explanation with the reference to the context:-

1.“Leh does have charm-------------------to become one transparent eye.”
Context:-These lines have been taken from the lesson. “Leh” written by Andrew Harvey. Here, the writer presents a solid description of the fascinating beauty of Leh.
Explanation:- In the lines here under discussion ,the writer feels full confidence about the fascinating and nebulous beauty of Leh. The visitor gets relaxing and solacing atmosphere ,and becomes candid and broad visioned while observing the surroundings of Leh.

2.“I have come to  Stock to see the palace of the Rani of Stock-------------to be alone with the mountains and the summer streams in the valley.”
Context:-  Same as above
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion the writer says that he had gone to Stock to visit the palace of the Rani but he did not get in, for he had a full day at his disposal. He decided to observe the raw beauty of nature alone in the sweet company of naked mountains and musical streams of the valley of Leh. 

      Lesson 5.                The Scarecrow
                                                           (Satyajit Ray)
Q1.Who was Mriganko Babu? Why did he go to Duragpur?
Ans:- Mrigonko Babu was a famous and popular writer of Bengal. He went to Durgapur because he had been invited by a club to attend a cultural function and get felicitation.
Q2.What happened to him on his way back to Calcutta?
Ans. On his way back to Calcutta, his car ran out of petrol.
Q3.The write says about Migranko Babu, ‘He was not one to believe in superstitions, and certainly never consulted the almanac before travelling anywhere.’ What is his tone?(Tick the correct answer)
Serious
mocking
approving
critical.
Ans. His tone is both critical and serious. He did not believe in superstitions. But when his car ran out of petrol, he began to think if he had consulted the almanac that day he would have avoided undertaking the journey.
Q4.Mriganko tried doing different things to kill time while waiting for his driver. What did  he finally decide to do?
Ans. After sitting in the sun for sometime, he returned to the car ,began to read a detective novel but could not concentrate on it. He then started thinking of a suitable plot for a story being asked by the Bharat Magazine and wrote down a few points which lured him into sound sleep in the car.
Q5.What attracted Mriganko Babu to the scarecrow?
Ans. The red and black printed shirt that had been placed over the structure attracted Mriganko Babu to the scarecrow. It was this very shirt that reminded him of someone.
Q6.What changes did Mriganko Babu notice in the scarecrow?
Ans. Mriganko Babu noticed many changes in the appearance of the scarecrow. The two arms of it lowered a little. It seemed a little stiff in its appearance and more like a real person. The bamboo poles seemed two legs and the black earthen pot seemed much smaller. He even saw it advancing towards him.
Q7.Who was Abhiram? Why had he lost his job in Mriganko Babu’s house?
Ans.Abhiram was a servant in the house of Mrigonko Babu. He had worked there for twenty years. Everybody trusted him. One day Mriganko Babu’s watch disappeared in the house and Abhiram was suspected to have stolen the watch but he denied the charge. A local witch doctor was called who rotated an ordinary wicker tray that pointed at Abhiram when it stopped. Then there was no doubt  about his guilt and so he lost his job in Mrigonko Babu’s house.
Q8. ‘Now I have found peace.’ How did Abihiram find peace?
Ans. Abhiram found peace and relief by telling the truth to Mrigonko Baby about the disappeared watch.
Q9.Abhiram is nothing but the product of Mriganko Babu’s imagination.Do you agree with the statement? Why/why not?
Ans. Yes, we agree that Abhiram is nothing but the product of Mrigonko Babu’s imagination. A scarecrow doesnot come to life and speaks like a human being. But in the story , we see that the scarecrow comes to life and speaks in human voice in the person of Abhiram. The story doesnot seem convincing. Hence, imaginative touch is found not only in the character of Abhiram but also in other events of the story.
  
                             
                     Reference to the context:
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.
He put his note book away ……………..he had never felt so completely desolate.
 Who is he in these lines ?
Ans. He stands for Mrigonko Babu in these lines.
What was he writing on the note book?
Ans-He was writing some points for a story being asked by the Bharat Magazine on the notebook.
Who caught his attention? Why?
Ans. The scarecrow caught his attention .It caught his attention because it wore a printed shirt that reminded him of some one.

2.Because I knew that one day ………what I learnt after death.
a)What did Abiram want to meet Mriganko Babu?
Ans. He wanted to meet Mriganko Babu because he wanted to tell him the truth about the stolen watch.
b)What did Abhiram learn after death?
Ans. He learnt after death that we should always tell the truth.
c)How did he been declared a thief?
Ans. When Abhiram denied the charge of stealing the watch ,a local witch doctor was called who by rotating a wicker tray declared him a thief.
d)What did he accused of stealing?
Ans.He was accused of stealing Mriganko Babu’s watch.

                 
                   Explanation with the Reference to the context
“On the western side ,things were not all that different …………..but it was quite sunny where Mriganko Babu standing .”

Context:-These lines have been taken from the lesson “ The Scarecrow” written by Satyajit Ray .Here ,the writer presents an encounter of Mriganko Babu with the scarecrow while waiting  for his driver ,Sudheer.

Explanation:-The lines here under discussion presents the picture of the road on the western side .There was a pond about forty feet away from the road, there were thorny bushes ,two huts quite far away without any trace of habitation. There was a scarecrow in the middle of the field There were clouds in the northern sky but still it was quite warm around.











Lesson No 6              Punishment in Kindergarten
                                            ( Kamala Das)
Discussion-1
Comprehension
Q1.Explain the phrase “The World is a Little more Own”?
Ans. The poet is now grown up. She thinks independently on her own lines. Her mind has found an adult peace. She is in a position to express herself freely. These things were a dream to her when she was a small kid.
Q2.Who was the blue –frocked woman? Why does the poet remember her?
Ans. The blue –frocked woman was Kamala Das’s teacher. The poet remembers her  because she (the teacher )had caused her penetrating pain when she was her taught.
Q3.What hurts more physical punishment or harsh words? Why?
Ans. Harsh words hurt more. They have direct linkage with emotions and feelings. They pierce through the heart of hearts and their effect is more lasting.
Q4.Why did the other children laugh at the poet?
Ans. The other children laughed at the poet because the teacher rebuked her (the poet)sternly in front of them.
Q5.Why do you think the words of the blue –frocked woman are muffled now?
Ans. The words of the blue –frocked woman are muffled now  because many years have passed since the incident of rebuking.
Q6.How different is the world today to the poet?
Ans. The world today is completely different to the poet She is grown up now. She is free to think. She has now developed and expressed a world of her own ideas.
Discussion-4
Reference to the context:-
“Today the world is little more my own.
           No need to remember to pain
       A blue-frocked woman caused….”
Who was the blue –frocked woman?
Ans:-The blue –frocked woman was teacher of Kamala Das.
     b)How does she cause the poet pain?
        Ans:-She caused the poet pain by throwing harsh and penetrating words at her.
    c) When was the world a little less her own?
        Ans:-When the poet was a school child, the world was a little less her own.
“The words are muffled now, the laughing
  Faces only a blur .The years have
-----------------------------------
At beloved halts and moving.”
 a)Whose words and laughter are being referred to her?
Ans:-Words of Kamala Das’s teacher and laugher of her schoolmates are being referred to here.
b)What has caused the change in the words and laughter?
Ans. Passing of time and its healing power have caused the change in the words and laughter.
c)How has life been to the poet since her school days?
Ans:-Life has been a combination of bitter and sweet experiences to the poet since her school days.    
             Explanation with reference to the context 
1-“Today the world is a little more my own……….A peculiar child you are !”
Context:-These lines have been taken from the poem “Punishment in Kindergarten” written by Kamala Das. Here, the poet presents her bitter experience of her childhood in general and the picnic day in particular.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the poet says that she has become independent in her world. Therefore ,there is no need to recall the pain which her teacher had inflicted upon her by insulting her with harsh words before other schoolmates.
“On the lawn ,in clusters sat my schoolmates  sipping  ………And smelt the flowers and the pain”
Context:- Same as above
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the poet presents the reaction of her schoolmates and her inner feelings after she was rescued by her teacher. The schoolmates laughed at the poet without realizing her inner pain. The poet hid  her face behind the bushes  and experienced the mixture of fragrance and pain. 

“The words are muffled now, the laughing
…………………………………………………………Sadly on”
Context:- Same as above
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion, the poet says that many years have passed since the teacher had rebuked her and the schoolmates laughed at her. The words of the teacher and the laughing faces of the classmates have become now faint. She becomes disappointed while recalling her past.


                                        Lesson -7 “The Sniper” 
                                    Liam O’ Flaherty
Q1. Describe briefly the scene in Dublin as you understand from the first two paragraphs of the story?
Ans:-The long day of June had changed into night. The whole city of Dublin was surrounded by darkness. However ,the dim light of the moon was shining through thin clouds and pale  light was falling over the streets of the city in such a way as if dawn was about to approach. A fierce gun battle was going on between the Republicans and the Free Staters over the division of Ireland. A Republican sniper sitting on a roof top near O’Connell Bridge was watching the whole scene with serious and thoughtful eyes.
Q2.Why did the sniper consider it risky to smoke?
Ans:- The Sniper thought it risky to smoke because the flash of the match might be seen in the darkness by the enemies and he could easily be spotted.  
Q3. ‘….there were enemies watching .He decided to take the risk.’ Do you think the sniper was careless? Give evidence from the lesson to support your answer.
Ans:-Yes, we think that the sniper was careless .He was surrounded by his enemies and as such he should not have taken the death inviting risk. No sooner did he light the cigarette than a bullet from the opposite side struck against the parapet of the roof where the sniper had taken position. He had a narrow escape.
Q4.Paragraphs 5 to 11 have words to indicate  how careful and cautious the sniper was. Pick out those words.
Ans:-Continuously ,slowly ,peered over ,dropped immediately ,rolled over the roof, crawled back etc are the words that indicate how careful and cautious the sniper was.

Q5- Not important
Q6.The Sniper saw the enemy car right in front of him but was unable to fire at it. How would you describe the state he was in? Choose the appropriate word
disappointed
angry
helpless
all the above
Ans:-He was  in helpless situation .He wanted to fire but he knew that his bullets  would never penetrate the steel that covered the enemy car.
Q7.Why did the sniper kill the man in the armoured car and the old woman?
Ans:-The sniper killed the man in the armoured car and the old woman because they were his enemies .The man was about to shoot the sniper and the old woman was an informer .They might  have harmed him if they had been spared.
Q8.How was the sniper injured? How did he realize that he had been hit?
Ans:-As soon as the sniper killed the man in the armoured car and the old woman ,a bullet came from the opposite side which hit the sniper’s right forearm. He dropped the rifle noisily on the roof. He stooped to pick the rifle up but he could not do so. In this way ,he realized that he had been hit.
Q9.How did he assess the damage to his hand? What was his diagnosis?
Ans:-With this left hand, the sniper felt his injured right forearm. He saw that blood was flowing through the sleeve of his coat. He ripped open the sleeve with his knife. He saw that there was a small hole and the bullet had lodged in the bone. He diagnosed that the bone must have been fractured by the bullet.

Q10.The sniper realized that his escape was difficult because……(complete the sentence appropriately.)
Ans. The sniper realized that his escape was difficult because the enemy sniper on the opposite roof covered his escape.  

Q11.How did the sniper trick the enemy sniper? What was his diagnosis?
Ans. The sniper took off his cap and placed it over the muzzle of his rifle. He pushed the rifle slowly upward over the parapet, until the cap was visible to the enemy. Soon a bullet pierced through the centre of the cap. The sniper slanted the rifle forward and the cap clipped down in the street. He caught the rifle in the middle and let it drop to the street then he sank to the roof as if he had actually been hit.
      Seeing the cap and the rifle fall, the enemy sniper thought that he had killed his man. He was now looking across without much alertness. The sniper lifted his revolver ,took a steady aim and hit his enemy. Yes, his trick worked.

Q12.How did the sniper feel just before and after killing his opponent?
Ans. The Republican sniper was happy that he had been able to befool his enemy .He smiled before shooting him dead. But after killing his opponent ,he was full of remorse and his lust of war died. He began to curse the war, curse himself and curse everybody.

Q13.Who was sniper who was killed?
Ans. The sniper who was killed was brother of the Republican sniper had been killed by his own brother.
Explanation with reference to the context

  “On a roof near  O’Connell Bridge, a Republican Sniper lay watching…….
………………………….They were deep and thoughtful, the eyes of a man who is used to looking at death”

  Context:-These lines have been taken from the lesson “The Sniper”. Here the writer presents  the horrors, ugliness and brutality of the war. The war is the most unpleasant thing which brings about destruction to humanity, turns smiling faces into dejected ones fertile land into barren land, brother against brother. It must be avoided at all costs.

Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion ,the Sniper was taking position on a rooftop near O’Connell Bridge with his  rifle and a pair   of field glasses. He was very young with eyes thirsty for war. His eyes were accustomed to see death.









   Chapter 8.    The Letter A
                                            Christy Brown.
Q1.How did Christy’s mother know that her son was physically impaired?
Ans. Christy was about four months old when his mother noticed that his head had a habit of falling backwards whenever she tried to feed him. She tried to correct it but failed. As he got older, she became aware of other defects. She saw that his hands were always clenched and twine behind his back. His jaws either used to lock together tightly or suddenly used to become limp and fall loose. Besides these defects ,he could not sit up without having a mountain of pillows around him. In this way, his mother knew that his son was physically impaired (handicapped).
Q2. “The doctors were so very sure of themselves that mother’s faith in me seemed almost an impertinence.’
What did Christy’s mother think about him?
Why is her faith in him being described as impertinence?
Ans.(a)- She thought that Christy was not mentally defective though his body was crippled.
An:-( b)-Her faith in Christy is described as impertinence because she thought that her son was physically defective and mentally fit but the doctors thought that Christy was both physically and mentally defective.
Q3. In spite  of all that the doctors and specialists told her. Christy’s mother would not agree that he was an imbecile. What does this reveal about her as a person?
Ans. It shows her firm determination , courage and love. She had deep rooted love for and indomitable faith in her son.

Q4.What did Christy’s mother hope to achieve by showing him pictures of animals and flowers?
Ans. After showing Christy pictures of animals and flowers and telling their names, she had hoped her son would show some signs of communication and intelligence.
Q5. What was the advice offered by relatives and friends ?Why was it lucky for the writer that his parents did not heed the advice?
Ans. The relatives and friends advised Christy’s mother that she should treat her son kindly and sympathetically but not seriously. She should not expect the same results from him as she would expect from her other healthy children. It was lucky for Christy that his parents did not heed their advice rather began to treat Christy like other children of the family .He got love ,affection and courage from his parents that played a way for his mental development. 
Q6.Christy’s mother believed he was nor an idiot because (Tick the correct option)
He was her son.
it was her duty as another
 to defend him.
She loved him and believed in him.
Ans:-Christy’s mother believed that he was not an idiot because she loved him and believed in him.
Q7.Christy feels that not many mothers would have treated him the way his mother did. How would Christy have been treated in another household?
Ans. Christy’s mother did every possible effort while bringing up her handicapped son. She stood by him, took up the duty of treating him herself and then looked after him with great patience and care for such a long time. If Christy had been born in another household, he might have been neglected and admitted in mental hospital.
Q8. ‘That was a momentous decision.’ Why does Christy consider the decision a momentous one?
Ans. When all the consulted doctors told Christy’s mother that her son was mentally crippled and nothing could be done for him. She would not agree but decided to take matters into her own hands. She started treating him on the same plane as the other children of the family. Christy regards that decision a momentous because it was this very decision that proved a beacon light for his mental expression.
Q9.Despite being surrounded by a loving family what were Christy’s feelings as he lay on his back in the kitchen or in the garden?
Ans. Despite being surrounded by a loving family, Christy felt imprisoned and lonely in a world of his own. He wanted to communicate with others .He longed to run about and play with his brothers and sisters but was unable to get out of his natural bondage.
Q10.While his father was busy brick laying, his mother was ‘patiently pulling down the wall, brick by brick’. Which wall was the mother  pulling down?
Ans. There were mental as well as physical drawbacks in Christy that had created a mental wall or huge gap between him and the other children of the family like that of a brick wall. Her mother was patiently and gently pulling down the wall that separated him from others.
Q11. “They now spoke of an institution.’
Who is they in the above lines?
What is the institution they are speaking of ?
How did Christy’s mother respond to their suggestion?
Ans. (a) They are friends and relatives of Christy’s parents.
      (b) They are speaking of the institution meant for mentally crippled.
      ( c) She fiercely responded to their decision saying that her son was not an idiot though his body was shattered but not his mind.  
Q12.Christy’s mother .father and siblings saw him forming the letter ‘ A’ as(Tick the correct option)
a sign of intelligence.
as merely an imitative gesture.
An(a) A sign of intelligence.
Q13.Why was Christy surprised to see himself holding a chalk stick between his toes?
Ans. Christy was surprised because he had never used his toes before in that way.
Q14.Why was everyone tense in the room when they saw Christy attempting to write?
Ans:-Everyone was tense in the room because Christy was attempting to write down something on the surface of the slate stuck between his toes.
Q15.What do you think finally helped Christy achieve the ‘Impossible’?
Ans:-His mother’s love, warmth, affection and firm faith in him finally helped Christy achieve the impossible.

                        Reference to the context.
Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow.
1. “Then she turned away  from my curious  stare and left the room, crying .The door closed behind her. It all seemed hopeless. It looked as though there was some justification in my relatives  contention that I was an idiot and beyond help.”
a)Who is being referred to?
Ans. Christy’s mother is being referred.
b)Why was she crying?
Ans. She was crying because when she asked Christy to repeat the names of animals and lovely flowers that were in the pictures of the story book or nod his head for ‘yes’ like a good  boy but Christy made no sign that he had understood her.
c. What had the relatives been saying?
Ans. The relatives had been saying that Christy was an idiot and beyond help.
d. Why/what did this episode seem so upsetting?
Ans. This episode seemed so upsetting  because when Christy could  make no sign that he had understood  his mother who had seen him pictures of animals and flowers from the story book. 




  

















    Lesson No-9        “After Apple Picking” 
                                                                     (Robert Frost)
Reference to the context.
‘I can’t rub …………………and let it fall and break’.
Ans:- The poet saw the strangeness of the world through  the pane of glass.
  b) From where had he got this piece of glass?
Ans:- He had got this piece of glass from the drinking trough.
c) How could the glass melt? What does this indicate about the weather conditions?
Ans:-The glass could melt with the heat of the sun. It indicates about the hot weather conditions.
d)Does this have a deeper significance for the poet?
  Ans:-This has really a deeper  significance form the poet. As the glass melts with the heat of the sun, similarly human life melts with the passing  of time and finally culminates in death.

2) ‘My instep arch………for I have had too much’
a)Why does the poet’s arch ache?
Ans:- The poet’s instep arch aches because it keeps the pressure of a ladder round. 
b)What was he been doing?
Ans:-He has been picking apples.
c) What is the rumbling sound that the poet hears?
Ans:-The rumbling sound that the poet hears is the sound of the apples being dropped  in a cellar bin.
d) Why does the poet say he has had “too much”?What is he referring to?
Ans:-The poet says this because he was now overtired of apple picking. He is referring to old age and death.
e)  Why does the ladder sway? What does it symbolize for the poet ?
Ans:- The ladder sway because the boughs bend. It symbolizes for the poet that life has to surrender before the power of death.
(f) -  Explain the phrase ‘Ladder round’ .
   Ans:-The phrase ‘Ladder round’ stands for journey of life from the eternal world in to the earthly world & back into the eternal world. The Journey gets culminated on the same point from where it had emerged.

(3)- There were ten thousand ------- As of no worth.
   (a)- What is the poet careful to see that his apples don’t  fall to the ground?
   Ans:-The poet is careful because whatever fall to the ground whether it gets spiked or not is surely considered to be  of the second grade. In other words, the poet has realized the importance of good deeds.                                 
(b)- What is the poet trying to express by using the symbol of an apple that is spiked or bruised?
    Ans:- The poet is trying to express the evil deeds which  performs during ones life span in the earthly world.
( c) – What does he really mean by using the imagery of apples seeing cherished ? What does one usually cherish ? 
Ans:-  The poet really means  the good deeds that one executes during once life span in the earthly world. One usually cherishes such things that pay in the long run .

Explanation with reference  to the context:
“I cannot rub the strangeness from my sight.
It melted, and I let it fall and break.”
Context:- These lines have been taken from the poem, “After Apple –Picking” written by Robert Frost. Here ,the poet makes an imaginative flight into the  eternal world and stresses for the execution  of good deeds and avoidance  of evil deeds  while living on the earthy  world.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion ,the poet says that he was not able to erase the different and strange  experience which he had got while living on the earthly world. He had spent his life in the world which is full of troubles and temptations. He wanted  to live but the mighty power of death took him into his lap.

“But I was well---------------
…………………………..What from my dreaming was about to take”
Context :Same as above 
Explanation:-In these lines here under discussion, the poet says that he was well prepared before the power of death  took him into his lap. He was so ready for death that he could anticipate what was going to happen after death in his dream.
 Questions:
Q1.Write some symbols that are used in the poem, “AFTER APPLE PICKING”?
Ans:-Apples, tree, barrel, ladder, apple picking, winter sleep, harvest etc are some symbols that are used in the poem.

Q2.What does the ‘Pane of glass’ refer to? What is the poetic device used in this description?
Ans:-The ‘Pane of glass’ refers to covering of snow but in deeper sense  it refers to earthly life. Like the ‘ Pane of glass’ life is always melting and making its journey towards death. The poetic device used here is Metaphor.

Q3.Why has the word ‘thousand been repeated twice? What is the poetic device used here ?
Ans:-The word ‘thousand’ has been repeated twice to suggest that there were countless apples  on the tree. The poetic device used here is Hyperbole.

Q4.What does apple picking refer to? Why has the poet given that the poem this title?
Ans:-Apple picking refers to any human task to be done through hard work and against odds. The poet has given the poem this title because he wants to convey the readers the message that whatever work they perform while living in the earthy world should be performed with hard labour, sincerity and devotion.






Lesson No 10        “The Celebrated Genius”  
 Dr C.V. Raman.  
Q1. Why was the voyage C.V . Raman undertook in 1921 important in his life?
Ans:-The Voyage was important in his life because when he was crossing the Mediterranean sea he wondered why it’ s water was such a dark shade of blue. He started research about this apparently simple question and finally he got success. It was this very research that won him the Noble Prize for Physics in 1930.

 Q2.Raman was just an average student at school and college .Is this true or false? Give reason to justify your answer?
Ans:-Raman was not an average student at school and college .He was very brilliant, intelligent and efficient. He passed his matriculation at the age of 11 and he was only 15 years old when he completed his graduation from the Presidency College Madras(now Chennai).

Q3.Why could Raman not pursue higher studies abroad even though he was  very keen to do so?
Ans:-Though Raman was very keen to pursue higher studies abroad but he was disqualified by a British doctor on medical reasons. He told Raman that he would not be able to bear the severity of  the English climate.

Q4.Give an example to show that Raman’s interest in science did not lessen even when he started working as an accountant general?
Ans:-When Raman completed his masters degree, he took a job in Calcutta as an assistant accountant  general but his interest in science  did not show any sort of decline. He used to spend most of his spare time in the mornings and evenings in the laboratory of Indian Association for Cultivation of Science.

Q.5:- Why was there no Indian flag flying when Raman was awarded Nobel prize? How did this effect him?
Ans:-Noble Prize was awarded to Raman in 1930 for physics and at that time India was under the British rule. That is why, there was no Indian flag. When he saw himself under the British flag, he was so moved by emotions  that tears started trickling town his face.

Q6.Raman was proud to be  an Indian? How did this manifest in his personal life?
Ans:-Raman was really proud to be an Indian. He would wear a closed coat and a turban till his last breath. He did not give up his traditional Indian turban in favour of a European hat.

Q7.The world was not slow to recognize the importance of C.V. Raman’s achievements? What are the other important awards he won apart from the Noble prize?
Ans:-Apart from the Noble Prize ,many other important prizes were conferred on him. He won Bharat Ratan in 1954  and the International Lenin Prize in 1957.He was given Knight hood by the British Government in 1929.He was also made a fellow of the Royal Society London in 1924.

Q8. “.I can understand the difficulties that most of few graduates have to face today”. How was this possible for him?
Ans:-Raman himself had experienced a very tough and hard life. He had experienced poverty and miseries in his life. His life was not all milk and roses. Out of his personal experience ,it was possible for him to understand the difficulties  being faced by most of the graduates in India in those day’s.

Q9. “I admit success in life  is always to the intelligent or the strong .What other qualities  according to Raman bring success in life?
Ans:-Raman was of the   opinion that success in life does not always come to intelligent or the strong. It is to some extent a bit of gamble. To be successful ,one has to get one’s  mind right and know one’s job well.

Q10:-What was Raman’s philosophy of life?
Ans:-Raman’s philosophy of life was very simple. He was of the view that we should not get disappointed if we do not succeed   in our life at the first attempt . We should not loose our heart rather we should continue efforts. We should face up life and take it as we find it. We should enjoy the common things in nature and life. He wanted us to appreciate the things that we see around ourselves.

Q11.Three or four qualities of nature inspired Raman all his life. Which are they?
Ans:-Raman loved and appreciated nature. It was nature and her qualities that had inspired him all his life. Nature’s wonderful gifts, her marvelous, ingenuity , her resourcefulness and her infinite variety are other qualities that had inspired him.

Q12.Raman had unusual view about Patriotism .What was it ?
Ans:-Raman had really unusual view about patriotism .According to him,  patriotism means the love of the earth. It is earth that sustains us. It is earth  and the things that grow upon it that make life possible. The love for the land means the love of the earth which has borne us and which sustains us. The idea of the love of the earth transcends the idea of national and international borders. By loving earth, We will be able to love all.

Q13. The main purpose of Raman’s  address to the graduates was to…
advise them.
inspire them.
impress them.
Ans:-The main purpose of Raman’s address to the graduates was to inspire them.

Explanation with reference to the context:-
“After ten years of government service……………..research of his life”
Context:-These lines have been taken from the lesson “Dr.C.V. Raman –The Celebrated Genius”. The lesson depicts Raman’s philosophy of life and his remarkable achievements.
Explanation:-In these lines here under discussion depict that Raman did government service for ten  years and then resigned. After that he worked as the Professor of Physics at Calcutta University on lower salary than when he earned previously. He performed the most important research of his life at the University laboratory.






Lesson No 11 “Love Across The Salt Desert”     
                                           (KEKI N. DARUWALLA)
Q.1 Why is the lesson has been titled ‘Love across the salt desert’? Why is the desert called a , “ Salt” desert?
Ans:-The lesson has been titled “Love Across The Salt Desert” because a lover from India crosses the international border by entering  in the territory of Pakistan to get his bride. While staying at Kaley Shah’s house, Najab had fallen in deep love with his daughter Fatimah and had promised her that he would come again and take her away. He fulfilled his promise and eloped with her. The desert is called a salt desert because it is very difficult to cross.

Q2.Aftab asks Najab “ Have you brought anything”?Dou you think Aftab was happy when he saw Fatimah?
Ans:-Aftab was very worried about the safe arrival of his son Najab. He was happy when he saw his son along with Fatimah though he did not express happiness on his face.

Q3.The story ends with the coming of the rain that swept away three yeas of drought. Do you think this helps Fatimah in being welcomed  into her new home?
Ans:-The drought in Kutch had lasted for three successive years and everything was badly affected. But with the arrival of Fatimah in the village, the clouds burst  and the drought ended. The people heaved a sigh of relief. This helped a lot to her in being welcomed into her new home. The people of the village still 
consider her arrival auspicious and a symbol of love across the border.



Q4.How does the drought affect the following?
Earth:-The earth crakes and it looks as if chunks of it are being baked in a Kiln.
Camel:-The camel alone survives the drought comfortably.
Oxen:-The oxen die.
Cattle;-The cattle become thin and emaciate.
.
 Q5.Why was Najab’s father worried about Najab’s future?
Ans:-There are two reasons that made Najab’s father worried about Najab’s future. First, his son had crossed the border without taking Zaman into confidence. He thought that Zaman might harm his son, for  it was not easy to cross the border with out his support .Second, he feared that he would grow too shy to charge the money on what he would sell and as such would spend wastefully every thing whatever his ancestors and he had acquired during a hundred years.

Q6.Why was a visit to Kala Doongar important for the people of Khavda?
Ans:-Visit to Kala Doongar was important for the people of Khavda because they would go there for seeking the blessings of the Panchamai peer who had left his foot prints on the hill over hundreds  years ago while trudging this salt desert and serving the people.

Q7. Was the trade that was carried on across the border legal ?Give reason for your answer?
Ans:-No, the trade was not legal. The people of Khavda and the adjoining area would smuggle Indian goods in to Pakistan and vice versa. They would bribe the officials and deputed troops through agents like that of Zaman. Had the trade been legal, there would have been no question of bribery.
Q8.When he heard about his son’s disappearance what was Aftab’s first suspicion?
Ans:-Aftab suspected that his son might have gone to Pakistan  along with the bundles of tendu leaf which he had brought.

Q.9.What made Aftab suspect that his wife knew about Najab’s  going away?
Ans:- Aftab had thought that his wife would faint on hearing that their son had disappeared. But his prediction proved wrong because his wife did not even blink in surprise. His eye  fell on her bare arm and he found the gold bangle missing. All this made him suspect that his wife knew about Najab’s going away.

Q.10.Zaman was an important person in the village and was called the chief because (Tick the right answer)
a) he was the strongest man in the village
b)his family had ruled the village for years
c)he arranged the smuggling trips across the border and had close contacts with officials on both the sides.
Ans:- Zaman was an important person in the village and was called the chief because he arranged the smuggling trips across the border and had close contacts with officials on both the sides of the border.

Q11.What was Zaman’s reaction to Najab’s absence from the village? Why?
Ans:- Zaman’s reaction was a great anger and disappointment  to Najab’s absence from the village. He told Najab’s father that his son was not a  innocent and introvert as the world believed  and there was no limit to his annoyance. He was the chief of the smugglers and none of them would cross the border without his permission. But Najab was the first person who had not sought his permission and for the same reason he was very much upset.

Q12.The absence of man and a camel from the village was significant because(Say whether true or false)
 a)It meant that someone had across  the border
b) It meant someone had come into the country.
c)It meant the camel would be confiscated by the officials.
Ans:- (a)True     b)False      C)False

 Q13:-Fatimah says ‘just  my luck to run into mutes? Who the mutes she refers to? Why does she make this statement?
Ans:-Fatimah and Najab fell in deep love at the first sight. She had been under  pressure to get engaged  to a stammerer  namely Mahfuz Ali .She wanted to elicit a word from Najab but could not, for he was a shy, quite and pleasant  young man  so ready  with his smiles. So Fatimah found herself  in a dilemma and started thinking that there were mutes in store for her  and the mutes were Mahfuz Ali and Najab.

Q14:-Najab Knew that Fatimah loved him because(Tick the right answer)
she made special dishes for him to eat.
she told him that  she loved him.
she made suggestive gestures.
Ans:- Najab knew that Fatimah loved him because she made suggestive gestures.


Q15.Was Kaley Shah happy to see Najab? How did Najab win his trust?
Ans:-No, Kaley Shah was not happy to see Najab. He expressed his unhappiness saying that he had come unannounced ,dragged the police  behind him and had not  brought tendu leaf  with him. But Najab was very quick to understand the situation. After showing the gold bangle ,he told  Karley Shah that he had come for cloves and would pay in gold. In this way, he won his trust. 

Q16.Though Fatimah belonged to a different country she did not hesitate in eloping with a boy  from another country. Give two reasons?
Ans:-True love does not know boundaries ,hurdles, bullets and reasons. It is madness to put hurdles in the way of true lovers. Though Fatimah belonged to a different country  but she did not hesitate in eloping with a boy from another country and the reasons are obvious. First ,she did not want to marry Mahfuz  Ali  who was a stammerer. Second ,she was in the true and deep love with Najab.

Q17.Fatimah calls Najab a mute yet he proposes to her. How does he do that?
Ans:- Najab was known to be a shy and introvert boy. He fell in deep love with Fatimah at the first sight but could not tell her straight forwardedly about his love. So she called him a mute. He proposed her through gestures. He flung his arms around her  and promised that he would come again to take her to his home.

Q18.Why did people of Khavda welcome Fatimah with open arms?
Ans:-The people of Khavda had been in the grip  of acute drought for successive three years and everything was badly hit. But when Fatimah stepped in the village, the clouds burst and the drought came to an end. Her coming proved auspicious and brought prosperity  to the villagers in the form of rain. So the people of Khavda village welcomed her with  open arms and smiling faces.

Q19.The writer has used a number of colourfull phrases to describe Fatimah’s beauty .Find the expressions to describe the following:
eyes
hair
laughter
eyebrows
smell
Ans( a) Her eyes were so bright that they would have lit up the darkness of the under world.
b) Her hair were as black as the night itself.
c)Her laughter had the timbre of ankle bells.
d) Her eye brows were black wisps of the night.
e) She smelt of cloves and cinnamon.

Q20:-Najab as described in the early part of the story and Najab as we see in the latter part are different, but similar in some ways .Compare and contrast Najab’s character before and after journey across the desert?
Ans:- The story “Love Across the Salt Desert” depicts  a love affair of two true and sincere lovers namely Najab and Fatimah. There are many characters  in the story but Najab has got a pivotal position. In the early part of story, he is a very shy ,introvert and reserved boy. He was known to have blushed at the mere mention of  a girl. He had dreamy eyes. None of his friends had ranked him among the braves. Even his father Aftab feared that the boy would waste away all what he and his ancestors had acquired. He considered him too shy to be able to charge money for what he would sell. But all these predictions proved wrong in the later part of the story. Najab turned to be courageous , brave and determined son after his first meet with Fatimah who ignited a spark of love in him. He undertook   a dangerous journey , crossed the border  and met his love. He did not care for bullets  and difficulties. He faced all the hardships, he met during the trip with a smiling face. He was true ,sincere and faithful in his love. He had understood what love really means. He felt his love and saw the image of Fatimah in every object  he touched ,imagined and articulated. In the early part of the story his character is marked by shyness and diffidence  but in the later part of the story his bravery and confidence is spoken off.
     
Q21.Zaman,Aftab and Kaley shah were all involved in same trade, yet they were different in many ways. Compare the three and rate them from the least villainous to the most villainous giving reasons for answer?
Ans:- Zaman was a veteran smuggler .He was the chief of the smugglers in the area where he lived. He would arrange illegal trips for the smugglers and keep the Rangers happy. He was a very influential person so for as crossing of the border was concerned. Though Najab crossed the Rann without his consent but had a close shave. 
   Aftab was father of Najab. He was also a smuggler .He would smuggle things from India to Pakistan. He would take tendu leaf and sell them across  the border. He was not hopeful about his son and would say that he would waste away  everything  on account of his shyness. He had never expected any act of bravery from his son. He was an affectionate father. His heart sank with grief on hearing about disappearance  of his son. He prayed that his son might come back safely.
     Kaley Shah lived in Sindh. He was a spice seller. He would harbor the Indian Smugglers and arrange spice like cloves and cinnamon for them. He thought  only interms of business. He got angry when he found Nijab empty handed. He had links with the local police and the guardians  of law could do nothing against  him. There is hardly anything appreciable  about his character.
  Zaman is the most villainous character. He would do anything for the sake of money. It is Aftab who seems to be least villainous .He trembled and terrified on hearing the news of his son’s  disappearance.
 Explanation  with Reference to the text”   
“What would he not do for her………………………..
                   --------------------For her he would cross the salt desert”

Context:-These lines have been taken from the story , “Love Across the Salt Desert” written by Keki N Daruwalla. Here ,the writer conyeys a very important  message that true  love does know no boundaries ,barriers and hurdles but it brings nations closer by minimizing  the impediments existing between them.

Explanation:-The lines here under discussion depict that Najab would do anything for his beloved Fatimah .Fatimah was a paragon of beauty .Her laughter had the sound of ankle bells , her eyebrows were like wisps of the night and her hair was the night itself. To get his object of love ,Najab was happily ready to face any challenge .




         Notes available for:- 9th,    10th ,     11th,    12th , B.A. I, II, III year,  M.A., ( IGNOU & MANUU)    B.Ed. and M.Ed. classes. 


   

Lesson No ‘12’               SUNRISE   
                                                                (PADMA SACHDEV)
                                                                 ( TRANSLATED BY DR. KARAN .SINGH)
Q1.The sun is compared to a cataract because (Tick the correct option)
It is full of sunspots.
It is not clear and is covered by clouds.
It is shaped like an eye
Ans:- The sun is compared to cataract  because it is not clear and is covered by  clouds.
 Q2.Why was the sky thundering ?Who was it angry with?
Ans:-The sky was thundering because it was very rash and angry for its loneliness. It was angry with the slow and late appearance of the sun.

Q3.What does the poet compare the sun to as comes out from behind the clouds ?Why?
Ans:-The poet compares the sun to a school boy who has reached school late. The comparison is made because the sun pushes away the clouds hesitatingly and starts shining slowly in the sky fearing that the sky would rebuke it for its late appearance.
Q4.Who questions the sun ?Why?
Ans:-The sky or the school master questions the sun. The  sky questions the sun because the later was hidden behind the clouds till afternoon. The sky asks the sun why it was late in its rising.

Q5.What is the sun’s reply?
Ans:-The sun answered back proudly and boldly saying that there is no wisdom on part of the sky in being annoyed and displeased at its late rising. Though there may be scheduled time for everything but there is no fixed time  for the sunrise , for whenever it rises it is sunrise.
 Q6. What adjectives would you use to describe the sun:
(a)When it emerges from behind the clouds?
Ans(a)Timorous ,frightened, cowering, fearful and shuddered are some adjectives that would be used to describe the sun when it emerges  from behind the clouds.
b)When it shines in all its splendor?
Ans(b) Arrogant ,gorgeous  ,magnificent, sparkling, proudy and glorious are some adjectives that would be used to describe the sun when it is shining in all its splendor.
Reference to the context
      “The sun was descending like a ---------------------
                                        ------------------------And it was thundering in anger”
What time of the day is being described? How do you know?
Ans:-The time of afternoon is being described. We know it from the descending  of the sun.
b)Which figure of speech is being used here?
Ans: A smile is being used in the lines given.
c)Why is the sky angry?
Ans:-The sky is angry over the late rising of the sun.
How does it express its anger?
Ans:-The sky express its anger by thundering.
By now the sun was shinning in all its splendor,-----------------
                               -------------------------  Whenever  it rises, that is sunrise.”
Explain the significance of the phrase ‘By now’
Ans:-“By  now” means that by the time the sky could express further anger and annoyance over the late rising of the sun ,the sun  had already risen and was scattering its bright light in all directions.
b)How is the sun different from what it was earlier in the poem?
Ans:-Earlier in the poem ,the sun was gloomy and was covered by the clouds. But it now pushed away the clouds and is shinning brightly.
c)Who was getting annoyed? And Why?
Ans:-The sky was getting  annoyed. It was getting annoyed because the sun was still hidden behind the clouds.
d)What quality of the sun is reflected  in these lines?
Ans:-Pride, arrogance and confidence are some qualities reflected in these lines.
Explanation with reference to the context:
“What is the point of getting annoyed
There is no set time for the sun to rise
Whenever it rises ,that is sunshine”
Context:-These lines have been taken from the poem , “Sunrise” written by Padama Sachdev. Here ,the poetess apparently describes the anger of the sky over the late rising of the sun but latently she wants to convey that there should not be hard and bound rules for broadening the mental horizon of children.
Explanation:-In the lines here under discussion , the poetess wants to present a valuable message that there is no fixed time  for intellectual development and spiritual enlightenment of children. There should not any sort of compulsion and imposition upon children for removing ignorance. They should not rebuked if they are slow learners and come late for learning rather they should be appreciated and encouraged.

Lesson No-13     The Gumdrop Affair 
                                                                              (Ralph E Hayes)
Q1. The writer says, ‘the Gumdrop Affair was not much of a name for such an important assignment’. Why?  
Ans:-The title “The Gumdrop Affair” sounds very funny so for as the activities of any secret department are concerned. It was this very assignment that enabled Barnaby to get recognition in the department. So it was not much of a name for such an important assignment.

Q2.Why had the Department never taken Barnaby seriously?
Ans:-Barnaby was a sociable fellow and did not like violence .He had never been a cold blooded secret agent. He never thought of killing any one .That is why, the department had never taken him seriously.

Q3.How was Barnaby different from other agents?
Ans:-Barnaby was different from other secret agents in many respects. He was not a cold blooded secret agent. He liked and loved people. He did not have the killer instinct and had never thought of killing any one. He never carried a loaded gun. On every assignment ,he would spend extra time learning about the country and the customs of its people which helped him to get the job done without relying on violence.

Q4.Why didn’t Barnaby carry a loaded gun? How did he make up for his not being a ‘Cold –blooded Secret agent.?
Ans:-Barnaby did not carry a loaded gun so as to make sure that he would not kill any body by mistake. He was able to fill this gap by being dedicated and devoted to his assigned work.
Q5.Why does Thompson look at Barnaby and ask , “Is this some kind of a Joke?
Ans:-The physical appearance of Barnaby hardly showed anything of a secret agent  about him. He was bald and fat. He looked like a barber. That is why, when he introduced himself to Thompson, the latter said these  words.

Q6.Why do you think Thompson told Barnaby that he reminded him of a barber?
Ans:-Since the department had sent Thompson to test Barnaby’s loyalty ability and courage so he said these insulting remarks. Besides this, he wanted to test his patience and tactics.

Q7.Why do you think Barnaby asked Thompson about his life as a hunter?
Ans:-While conversing with Thompson ,Barnaby grew suspicious about his real identity. He asked Thompson about his life as a hunter so that he would be able to know the reality about him and get his doubts cleared.

Q9.Why do you think Thompson made these mistakes ?
Ans:-The department had said Thompson to test Barnaby’s loyalty, courage and ability. To get the desired result, he made these mistakes.

Q10.Do you think Barnaby would have been killed had his gun been loaded? Why/why not ?Give evidence?
Ans:-No, Barnaby would not have been killed if his gun had been loaded .It is clear from the story and the evidence is given below:
    ‘But you tried to kill me with my own gun’ said Barnaby. ‘No, I aimed over your left shoulder’ replied Thompson.
Q11.After scuffle when the man said ‘I’ m really a department man, ‘did Barnaby believe him? How do you know?
Ans:-No, Barnaby did not believe him. He did not move but stared at Thompson, for the latter had already played several tricks on the former. He thought that he was going to play another trick.

Q12.How did the contact man prove that he really belonged to the same organizations Barnaby?
Ans:-The contact man established his identity by pulling a small card from his billfold and held it out for Barnaby. Barnaby saw that the card carried the special serial number that the department used for emergency identification.

Q13.What was the contact man’s real name? Who had asked him to meet Barnaby?
Ans:-The contact man’s name was Frank Guthrie .The department had asked him to meet Barnaby so as to test ability, loyality and courage.

Q14.What was the exercise meant for ?How well did Barnaby pass the test?
Ans:-The whole exercise was meant  for testing Barnaby’s loyalty, ability and courage towards his duty. He passed the test  with flying colours.

Q15.Barnaby, towards  the end of the story says, ‘Do you mean …’what did he imply by this ?Complete this question.
Ans:-It implied that there was nothing wrong and dangerous about the whole affair.
  

Lesson No 14.                       “THE COCK FIGHT”
       Questions:                                                                   (AMIN KAMIL)
Q1.What were Shahmal’s emotions when Ghulam Khan brought  the rooster?
anger
apprehension
excitement
worry
Q1-Give reasons for your answer.
Ans:- Shahmal’s emotions were that of excitement. Her Joy knew no bounds when she saw her husband entering the compound with the bird in his hands. She was so full of joy and excitement that she even forgot to wash her dirty Pheran and she also felt as if she had found a treasure.
Q2.Why did Shahmal often address the window of the neighboring house in loud tone?
Ans:-She did so because  she wanted her next door neighbor . Jani to come to the window so that she would be able to taunt her. Besides ,she wanted that Jani must know that they had  bought a cock.
Q3.Why was Jani’s cock welcome at times and unwelcome  at other times to Shahmal’s house?
Ans:-  Shahmal had two hens but had no male bird of her own. That is why ,shy welcomed Jani’s cock at times. But when she left the paddy or corn to dry in the sun, she did not like these visits fearing that the cock would eat and scatter the grains.
Q4.What was the actual price of the cock? What price did Ghulam Khan claim to have paid for it? Why?
Ans:-The actual price of the cock was three rupees. Gulam Khan claimed that he had four and a half rupee for it. He did so because he wanted to impress and convince his wife that the cock was not a poor weakling so that she might not say in her characteristic tone that he had bought a stinking and worthless cock.
 Q5.Complete the following table bringing out the differences between the two roosters.
Ans:-
         Shahmal’s rooster
          Jani’s   rooster
Shahmal’s rooster was white in colour.
His look was impressive
His limbs were not strong.

1.Jani’s rooster was red in colour.
2.His look was not impressive.
3.His limbs were strong.


Q6.Why was Shahmal so upset with her cock’s crowing in the  night?
Ans:-Shahmal was upset with her cock’s crowning in the night because she was a superstitious lady and thought it a sign  of ill omen.
Q7.Why did Shahmal ask Ghulam Khan to kill the cock? What was his reaction?
Ans:-  Shahmal asked her husband to kill the cock because it had crowed at the fall of the night .Her husband did not pay any attention.
Q8.Why did Shahmal  not go out the next  morning? What were her feelings  for the cock now?(Tick the correct option)
joy
fear
excitement
aversion
Ans:-She did not go out the next morning because she feared that Jani would taunt her.Her feelings for the cock were that of aversion.
Q9.What was Jani’s reaction to Shahmal anger towards the cock?
Ans:-Jani’s reaction was very sarcastic and ridiculous.
Q10.Why did Jani praise Shahmal’s cock’s voice? What was Shahmal’s  reaction to the praise?
Ans:-Jani praised Shahmal’s cock’s voice because she thought  that her own cock would be left alone if Shahmal killed the cock. Shahmal got stunned and began to think that Jani was disgracing her.
Q11.Who was Samad?
Ans:- Samad was a neighbor  of  Shahmal and lived two or three houses away. He was a slaughterer and killing the cocks of the neighborhood was his specialty. Shahmal went to him  to ask to kill her cock. 
Q12.Why did Jani feel her cock was sure to win?
Ans:-Jani’s cock had strong limbs and his comb was smaller but thicker. He had trounced all the other cocks of the neighbourhood. That is why, she was sure about her cock’ s victory.
Q13.When Jani sais to Shahmal, ‘What chance does  my weakling of a cock stand against your four and a half rupee rooster? her tone was
 a)apologetic
b)Submissive
c)sympathetic
d)sarcastic
             Give reasons for your answer.
Ans:-Since Shahmal had earlier told Jani proudly that the cock’s price was four and a half rupee, and taunted her by saying that the neighbours kept only those stinking and scavenger cocks. Jani had not forgotten these piercing words and she paid back in the same coin when she was sure that her cock would win the fight .So her tone was sarcastic.
Q14.When and why did Jani lose interest in the cock-fight?
Ans:-When Jani saw her cock running away from the fight , she was deeply shocked and she pretended to lose interest in the cock’s fight.
Q15:-What did Shahmal finally decide about her cock? Why?
Ans:- Shahmal finally decided that she would not kill her cock. She decided so because her cock had defeated Jani’s cock in the fierce and bloody fight.
Lesson 15                   (When Autumn Came)   
                                                                               Faiz Ahmad Faiz                
    Discussion 1. 
                                         Comprehension
Q.1:- The autumn season is characterized by few things. What are they?
Ans:- Ripening of fruits, harvesting, falling of leaves from the trees, cooling of weather are the distinct features of the autumn season.

Q.2:- Does the poet talks about all those characteristics? 
Ans:- The poet does not talk about all those characteristics. He only talks about the falling of leaves from the trees.

Q.3:- What is the impact of autumn on the trees?
Ans:- The autumn snatches the trees from their leaves & makes them naked.

Q.4:- What happens to the birds when autumn comes?
Ans:- Birds are exiled from their own nests & deprived of their singing when autumn comes.

Q.5:- Why does the poet invoke the God of May?
Ans:- The poet invokes the God of may so that the naked trees & exiled birds will bloom again with their pristine glory.
                  
Discussion 3
                   Reference to the Context

It shook out____________moon of protest.
Who is ‘it’? Whose yellow hearts did it shake out?
Ans:- ‘It’ stands for the autumn season. It shook out yellow hearts of the trees by making their leaves fall on the ground.

What happens to the leaves that are scattered on the ground?
Ans:- The leaves that are scattered on the ground get trampled by people.

When will these withered trees bloom again?
Ans:- These withered trees will bloom again in the spring season.
Give some trees________ Let one bird sing.
What is the gift of green? Who will receive it?

Ans:- The gift  of green refers to green leaves. The trees will receive it.
What is the poet asking for when he says let one bird sing?
Ans:- The poet is asking for the arrival of the spring so that the trees will be restored with green leaves and the birds will resume their singing.

What had happened to the birds in autumn?
Ans:- The birds had been exiled from their nests and singing.
     Lesson no 16      “ The Rule of the Road”  
                                                                                        A.G. Gadiner
Q1.The writer describes the old woman in the middle  of the road being of ‘ no small peril to herself’. This means {Tick the correct option}
She was in a dangerous frame of mind.
She was running the risk of being  run over by the traffic
She was about to run over people on the road.
Ans:-She was running the risk of being run over by the traffic.

Q2.The writer says “ Individual liberty leads to social anarchy’. Do you agree/disagree ?Give reasons for your answer.
Ans:-Yes, I agree with the writer when he says that individual liberty lads to social anarchy. If every individual does what he wants , other’s liberty will be endangered. This will definitely lead to confusion, chaos and disturbance, resulting in social anarchy.

Q3.Why should we not feel offended when stopped by a traffic policeman?
Ans:-We should not feel offended because a traffic policeman is not a symbol of tyranny but of liberty. He is there to make our liberty a reality by allowing smooth movement of traffic on the road.

Q4.What is the difference  in the liberty one has in dressing to please oneself and in playing the trombone at night?
Ans:-We enjoy individual liberty in dressing ourselves. We can dress ourselves as we like without interfering with the liberties of others. But our liberty to blow the trombone at night in the streets disturbs the liberty of other people to enjoy a sound sleep.
Q5. ‘The truth is that I never read Blue –books  for pleasure .I read them for the very humble purpose  of tuening an honest penny out of them.’
What does the writer mean when he says  he never  reads ‘Blue-books ‘ for pleasure?

Ans:-By this, he means that he does not read blue books to amuse himself but he reads them seriously to earn an honest living out of them.

What is ‘blue book’? Why does he read them?
 Ans:- A blue book is a book which contains official records. The writer reads them for gathering information about his official work.

Explain ‘turning an honest penny out of them?
 Ans:-This means that the writer wants to know his job well by collecting information from blue books.

Q6. ‘As I wrestled with clauses and sections, his voice rose like a gale.’
Who does ‘his’ refer to?
Ans:-“His” refers to the man who disturbed the writer in the railway carriage.

b)What does this description imply?
Ans:-This  implied that the man who talked loudly deprived the writer of his freedom to read the blue book attentively.

c)What were the topics being discussed by the speaker?
Ans:-His family history , deeds of his sons in the war, and his criticism of the generals and the politicians were the topics.

d)Were they interesting? What was their effect on the writer?

Ans:-No, the topics were not interesting. He was so much disturbed by the topics that he could not concentrate on the blue book.
e)The writer has  used another comparison to convey his feelings about the speaker’s voice. Quote the line from the lesson .What is such a comparison called?

Ans:-“It was like a barrel organ groaning out some uninteresting song of long ago, is another comparison to convey his feelings about the speakers voice. Such a comparison is called a simile.

Q7. ‘By what right ,my dear son ,do you go along our highway uttering that hideous curse on all who impede your path?

Who is the writer discussing in the line?
What is the ‘hideous  curse’ referred  to in this line?
What is this king of behaviour called?
Explain ‘impede your path’.
Ans(a) The writer is discussing the traveler who spoke loudly in the rail compartment to another man accompanying him.
Ans(b) It is the loud and pompous talking of the man in the rail compartment about uninteresting topics.
Ans(c) It is ungentlemanly behaviour.
Ans(d)It means to block your speech.
Q8. ‘It is the little habits of commonplace intercourse that make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make  bitter the journey,’
What is the journey being referred to?
How can the journey be made sweet?
What makes the journey bitter?
Explain ‘commonplace intercourse.


Ans(a)    The Journey being referred to here is the “journey of life.”
  Ans(b)The Journey of life can be made sweet by being polite in our behaviour and respect other’s feelings ,rights and liberties.
Ans(c) The Journey of life becomes bitter if we do not have enough consideration for the interests, feelings and rights of others.
Ans(d)  It means activities of people in their day to day life which make up the great sun of life..



                              Notes available for:- 9th,    10th ,     11th,    12th , B.A. I, II, III year,  M.A., ( IGNOU & MANUU)    B.Ed. and M.Ed. classes. 

          

Lesson 17  “ INKLINGS FROM THE DARK”
 (Rahman Rahi)
Discussion 2
Reference to the context.
“I espied an eagle ………………………………into the atmosphere”
(a)Where does the poet see the eagle ?
Ans:-The poet sees the eagle in the wild shadows of his mind.
(b)Why does the eagle have blood on its beak?
Ans:-The eagle has blood on its beak because it had killed a dove.
(c ) The blood of the dove has been described as “smoldering”. what does the poet want to convey by this description?
Ans:-The poet wants to convey that bloodshed will remain continue if warmongers do not  change their attitude.
II. “Rubbing my eyes………………………..O, woe, to  you, O woe!”
(a)Why does the poet rub his eye?
Ans:-The poet rubs his eye because he wants to understand the situation clearly.
(b)How does the poet try to warm himself?
Ans:-By pulling the quilt up to his cold back ,the poet tries to warm himself.
(c) Is he successful? Give reasons for your answer?
Ans:-No,he is not successful .When he tries to warm himself ,the Kangri falls down and the cold ashes kiss his feet.
(d)Why does the owl hoot  “Woe to you”?
Ans:-The owl hoots so as to convey the poet that he will never have peace of mind because of his past violent and bloody acts.
           Lesson No 18       “BOX AND COX”    
 (John  Madison Morton)
Comphresion:
Q1.Why does Cox want Mrs Bouncer to change his bolster?
Ans:-Cox wants  Mrs Bouncer to change his bolster because he has habit of using a protuberant bolster.

Q2.Why does Cox suspect is using his stuff? Quote evidence from the play to support your answer.
Ans:-Cox suspects that Mrs. Bouncer is using his stuff. He says to her that it is not the cat that is stealing his things but somebody else.

Q3.Why does Cox say ‘this gentleman’s smoke, instead of emulating the example of all other sorts of smoke, and  going up the chimney ,thinks  proper to affect a singularity by taking  the contrary direction?
 Ans:-Cox suspects that because he knows that smoke  from the attic cannot come to his room and that Mrs .Bouncer’s explanation is nakedly wrong.

Q4. How is Mrs Bouncer’s idea of renting out the same room of two sets of lodgers ‘a  capital idea’?
Ans:-It is a capital idea on her part because she was getting double rent  for a single room.

Q5.As soon  as Cox leaves the room, Mrs Bouncer gets  busy in the room. What does she do and why?
Ans:- As soon as Cox leaves the room ,Mrs. Bouncer removes Mr. Cox’s things from the room so that Mr Box will not raise any sort of suspicion.

Q6.Who is Box angry with as he enters? Why?
Ans:-Box is angry with the man(Cox) he encounters on the staircase. He was extremely exhausted after finishing his night duty and wanted to sleep. It is Mr. Cox’s wrong direction on the staircase that makes him angry and irritable.
Q7.When Box returns to his room in the morning he is 
cheerful
exhausted
energetic
Give reasons for your answer.
Ans:-When Mr Box  returns to his room, he is exhausted and it is evident from the fact that he decides to have a nap before taking breakfast.

Q8.Why does  Box feel agitated when he starts cooking his breakfast?
Ans:- Mr. Box feels agitated when starts  cooking his breakfast because his things have been fiddled with and their usual position changed.

Q9.Why does Cox come home early? What has she got for breakfast?
Ans:-Cox comes home early because his employer has allowed him to enjoy a holiday .He has got a mutton chop for his breakfast.

Q10.Though both Box and Cox start cooking breakfast, neither of them gets anything to eat. Why?
Ans:-Out of confusion both Cox and Box throw each others eating things out of the window and for the same reason they have to remain hungry.

Reference to context:-
“Then I ‘ll lend you one………………..now that’s not my case, Mrs Bouncer”
(a)  Who speaks these words?
Ans:-Mr .Cox speaks these words.

(b)What is the ‘one’ that he wishes to lend Mrs. Bouncer?Why?
Ans:-He wishes to lend Mrs Bouncer a dictionary. He wishes so because she does not know the meaning of the word ‘grumble’.

(c ) What does he mean by saying ‘ that is not my case’?
Ans:-He means to say that his complaint is genuine and he is not complaining to her without a reason.

(d)What tone do you think does he adopt at this time?
Ans:-His tone is full of wit as well as sarcasm.
“I hope …………………….cheroots or Cubas”?

(a)What does Cox mean by the above words?
Ans:-Cox means by the above words that his room is full of tobacco smoke.
(b)Why does he say them to Mrs Bouncer?
Ans:-Since Mrs Bouncer tells Cox that the smoke might come down the chimney from the attic above.He became suspicious of her answer so he asks indirectly whether she has  not the habit of smoking.

3 “He’s gone at last ! Really I was all in tremble for fear”.  
(a)Who says these words?About whom?
Ans:- Mrs Bouncer says these words. She says these words about Cox.

(b)Why is the speaker afraid?
Ans:-The speaker is afraid because Mr. Box was about to come.

(c) Are her fears groundless or justified? Give a reason for your answer.
Ans:-Her fears are groundless. We think so because she has rented a single room to two innocent persons.

4- “And by the by…………………………….quite so much”.
(a)Who is the speaker? Who is the person being referred to as ‘he’?
Ans:- Mrs Bouncer is the speaker here and Mr. Cox is being referred to as “he”
(b)Why has ‘he ‘objected to Mr Box’s smoking?
Ans:-He has objected to his (Mr Box’s)smoking  because he (Mr. Cox) finds his room full of smoke.
( c) What advice does Box offer him?
Ans:-Mr Box tells Mrs Bouncer  to tell Mr. Cox to shift to some other place if he (Mr. Cox) does  not like the smell of tobacco.

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