Chapter: GENDER, RELIGION & CASTE | JKBOSE Class 10th Political Science Notes | www.kashmirstudent.com
Chapter: GENDER, RELIGION & CASTE | JKBOSE Class 10th Political Science Notes | jkboseclass10.kashmirstudent.com
JKBOSE/CBSE Class 10 Political Science Notes for Revision PDF Download
Class 10 Social Science - Political Science Notes
Civics Class 10 Notes PDF Free Download
Students in Class 10 who are considering Civics as a challenging subject must find some ways to understand it or else they will lose marks while they appear the exams. The best way to tackle this problem is to download Civics Class 10 notes pdf, which is available for free online. This pdf includes an explanation for all the chapters of Civics in a stepwise and well-structured manner. Everything explained here is in simple language so that students who are weak in this subject are able to understand this simply.
The notes are prepared according to the syllabus of Class 10. Every important topic that might come in the exams is included in these notes. The Civics Class 10 notes are prepared by some expert teachers who are experienced and talented. They commit no mistakes while preparing these notes as they are professionals in this work, thus ensuring the students that the quality of the notes is the best in class and no other note can compete with it. Hence, with this PDF, a student's preparation becomes more efficient and better.
Civics
Civics is a subject which deals with the rights and duties of a citizen. It is considered a social science. In Class 10, it is taught with history; they both are combined to become one subject. Civics involved theories and concepts of constitution, democracy, rules and regulations formulated by the government in all these years. It also discusses the rights a citizen enjoys in his/her country and also informs about the duties a citizen is responsible for towards his/her country. There are a lot of rights and duties to remember, which is why sometimes it becomes hard to remember it all. Therefore, a student must refer to Political Science Class 10 notes so that he/she can tackle this problem.
Democracy
Democracy is considered as a form of government where the right to choose the governing legislators is with the citizens of the country. Here, people select the leaders under whom they want to work. Democracy includes a lot of rights which are given to the citizens, some of which are voting rights, right to speak, right to assembly, right to equality, right to membership and right to consent. All these rights are enjoyed by every citizen of a democratic country. All this is taught briefly in Civics Class 10. Students who are facing problems to understand the rights and are finding it challenging then he/she must refer notes of Civics Class 10. These notes can make their preparation for exams better and can guarantee the highest possible marks in the exams.
Advantages of Civics Class 10 notes
Students who are weak in Civics or Political Science might find Class 10 Political Science difficult and challenging.
To overcome this problem, students should refer to notes of Civics Class 10 for better understanding. Some of the reasons for using these notes are:
• Every chapter in the subject is explained in a stepwise and structured manner so that students will face no difficulties while studying.
• The notes are prepared by some expert teachers who have worked in this field for years and have become professionals with their experience.
• The notes are prepared to keep in mind the rules and regulations imposed by the board so that students can be confident of getting maximum possible marks in the exams.
• It saves a student's time during his/her preparation for exams.
Class: 10th Subject: Political Science - Gender, Religion and Caste
Q1: Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India?
Ans: In India women are discriminated and disadvantaged in the following ways:
1. Education: Women are not provided adequate education. The literacy rate among women is only 65.46% compared with 82.14% among men. They usually drop out from the educational institutions because their parents prefer to spend their resources for their boy’s education rather than spending equally on their sons and daughters.
2. Job Opportunities: The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average, an Indian woman
works one hour more than average men every day. Yet more of her work in not paid and therefore often not valued.
3. Economic Rights: The equal wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
4. Social Status: Due to the preference for the boy child, female foeticide is practised in many parts of country. Such practices have led to a
decline in child sex ratio in our country to merely 927 girls per thousands boys. There are reports of various kinds of harassment,
exploitation and violence against women.
Q2: State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Ans: Different forms of communal politics are:
1. Communalism in daily beliefs:
The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. These routinely involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. For Example, Militant
religious groups.
2. Formation of political parties based on religious communities:
A communal mind of leaders leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community. For example belonging to the majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominances of those belonging to the minority; it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit. Separatist leader and political parties in many parts of India are an example of this kind of communalism.
3. Political mobilization on religious lines: Political mobilization on religious line is a frequent form of communalism. This involves the use of scared symbols, religious lectures and emotional appeals in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena. For example, this technique is applied by many politicians to influence
voters of one religion in preference to others.
4. Communal Riots:
Communalism can be the ugliest if it takes the shape of communal violence or riots and massacre. For Example, India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of the partition.
Q3: State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India?
Ans: Caste inequalities have not completely disappeared from contemporary India. Some of the older aspects of caste have persisted. Even today most people marry within their own caste. Untouchability has not ended
completely, despite constitutional prohibition. Effects of centuries of disadvantages and disadvantages continue to be felt today. The caste groups that had access to education under the old system have done very well in acquiring the modern education while those groups that did not have access to education have naturally lagged behind. Economic status
is also closely linked to the caste system. The poor are mostly the low castes while the rich are the high castes, thereby showing that caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Q4: State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India?
Ans: Caste alone cannot determine the election results in India because of the following reasons:
1) No parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single caste so every candidate and party needs to win the
confidence of more than one caste and community to win the elections.
2) The ruling party and the sitting MP or MLA frequently lose elections in our country. It could not have happened if all castes and communities were frozen in their political preferences.
Q5: What is status of women’s representation in India’s Legislative bodies?
Ans: In India, the proportion of women in the Legislative bodies has been very low. In this respect, India is among the bottom group of nations in the world. Women’s representation has always been less than 10% in the Lok Sabha and 5% in the State Legislative Assemblies. In the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, the percentage of women in the Indian parliament was around 12%. It still remains far below the global average of around 21%. On the other hand, the situation is different in the case of local governmental bodies. As one-third of seats in local governmental bodies are reserved for women. There are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies.
Q6: Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state?
Ans. The two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state are as under:
1) There is no official religion for the Indian state. Unlike the states of Buddhism in Sri-Lanka, that of Islam in Pakistan and that of
Christianity in England, the Indian constitution does not give a special status to any religion.
2) The constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to
follow any.
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