History Of Jammu & Kashmir (1605-1947)
Mughals
Akbar – was Mughal emperor then Died – 1605
Jahangir (wife was Noor Jahan) Died 1627
Shah Jahan Died – 1658
Aurangzeb (died 1707)Then No permanent Ruler
Alamgir II 1753 - 62
Afghans | 1762
Ahmad Shah Abdali (Durrani empire) (1762 - 1772)
Timur shah Durrani (1772 -1793)
Zaman Shah (1793 – 1801 )
Sikhs | 1819
Ranjit Singh | 1839 Maharaja Ranjit Singh Died
Dogra | 1846 . . . .1947
Gulab Singh (1846-1856) 10 years
MAHARAJA RANBIR SINGH (1856 - 1885)
Maharaja Pratap Singh (1885 - 1925) (son of maharaja Ranbir Singh)
Maharaja Hari Singh (1925 - 1947) (not the son of Pratap Singh )
Let's begin
Chak Dynasty
• Chaks were people form Gilgit and Hunza area.
• Last native ruler of Chak dynasty – Yakud Shah.
• Last Muslim independent ruler – Yusuf Shah.
Mughal army(Qasim Khan was representative) defeated Yakud shah and entered Kashmir.
Mughals
Akbar – was Mughal emperor then
• Constructed “Imperial Road” or Mughal Road from Lahore to Kashmir
• Raja Todarmal [F.M.] -> introduced revenue settlement | one of the Navratna of Akbar
• Akbar visit Kashmir only thrice
• 3rd visit important – Baltistan and Ladakh (occupied)
• Construed Hari parbat
• Dies – 1605
Then came King Jahangir (before becoming king he was called prince Saleem)
Jahangir (wife was Noor Jahan)
• Visited Kashmir several times
• Love for Kashmir – 14 summers
• Contribution – Shalimar Bagh, Achabal and Verinag spring(was just been renovated and not made)
• Shalimar Villa – made by Pravarsena II – 6th century
He just made a Bagh – Shalimar Bag – Farah Baksh (Joy Imparting)
• Nishat Bagh – garden of Joy – made by Asif Khan (was brother in law of Jahangir)
- Mughal Princess – Zubra Begum (D/o Alamgir II) was buried here
• Died 1627
• Then came king Shah Jahan (was prince Khurram)
Shah Jahan
• Built Chashme Shahi and Pari Mahal(actually a library and a residential area of Shah Jahan)
• Pari mahal was gifted to DARA SHIKHO (elder most son of Shah Jahan)
• Last Visit – 1651,
• Died – 1658 | Then comes Aurangzeb (also called Alamgir or Zinda Pir)
Aurangzeb
• Maximum Reign among all Mughals (50 years)
• 15 Governors
• Shawl became the major item of Export (founder of Kashmiri Shawl : Zain- ul- Abidin | Bud shah | also know as Akbar of Kashmir)
• 1707 Died
• Then No permanent Ruler
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• Battle of Jammu/ Gumat 1808
• In 1821, captured Rajouri from Aghar Khan and placed Rahim-Ul-Khan as the new Raja by Ranjit Singh.
• Zorawar Singh helped Gulab Singh.
• Kishtwar was annexed by Gulab Singh and Zorawar Singh made its Governor.
• March 9, 1846 – Treaty of Lahore,
• March 16, 1846 – Treaty of Amritsar,
• Gulab Singh First Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir second largest princely state During British.
• Crime was supported during his reign, captured leaders of GLAWANS.
• He drove out Khakahas and Bombas out of the Valley.(were people form the POK and Pakistan area.)
• He undertook to reform Begar System(forced labour)
• He organized Revenue and police administration.
• He organized the shawl Industry.
• He founded the Dharmarth trust.
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